The Windsor Hum

"People say, well how do you like the sound? I say, don't move here".

For years residents on the west and south side of Windsor, Ontario Canada – a city of 210,000 people that sits just across the river from Detroit, Michigan USA, have been haunted by a strange, disruptive noise. It's so low (near-infrasound between 30-40Hz) that most people can't hear it. But sometimes it gets so strong that it makes your dishes rattle. Residents say the noise has damaged people’s health and quality of life.

Nobody knows what the sound is or where it comes from, but it keeps people up at night. It's known as the Windsor Hum.

Map of the Windsor area

Most laptops and most computer systems won't be able to make the sound audible so you will need a good pair of headphones to listen to the following sound which has been filtered to remove everyday ambient sounds in an effort to highlight the hum.

In Windsor–Essex County, there are salt mines, the McGregor Quarry and surrounding automotive plants, so Industrial noise can be common. For most people, these are minor nuisances and usually those disturbances follow predictable business hours.

The Windsor hum is different. It’s a low-frequency sound that has been plaguing residents of the southern Ontario city, and surrounding Essex County, since at least 2011

A Facebook Group has been created to coordinate reports and centralise information.

https://www.facebook.com/groups/WindsorHum/

United States Steel Corporation Zug Island

United States Steel Corporation Zug Island

The hum has sparked many conspiracy theories; from a PhD thesis that pin the hum on UFOs or covert tunnelling by the Canadian military.

Studies suggest a more mundane source; pointing to Zug island, an American industrial area located a few miles down the river from the bridge that separates Windsor and Detroit.

Zug Island is a highly guarded, smoke and steam belching, wasteland that is home to a US Steel plant owned by United States Steel Corporation and sits downriver from Detroit.

Authorities on both sides of the border continue to avoid the issue said MP Brian Masse (NDP — Windsor West). He issued a letter in late June to Canada's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Chrystia Freeland, but received no response.

Masse said. “We need an international agreement on this. There is no legislation in terms of (noise) enforcement capabilities. Right now, it has to be done out of professional courtesy on the U.S. side".

The lack of access, and secrecy has made it very hard to make progress. Perhaps the hum should be re-branded as The Detroit Hum to raise awareness about where it is coming from?

Health concerns

People worry about the long term health issues associated with exposure to this noise.

One study has suggested that infrasound may cause feelings of awe or fear in humans. It has also been suggested that since it is not consciously perceived, it may make people feel vaguely that odd or supernatural events are taking place (1)

"Welcome to Windsor, the coke is actually fentanyl, the kids are all on pills, and you'll never find a job but at least you can spend your entire cheque at the casino or get stabbed downtown!"

Windsor Hum documentary 

A Toronto filmmaker Adam Makarenko has driven all around Zug Island in Michigan and Windsor and La Salle in Ontario.

He spent hours in Delray, a Detroit neighbourhood near Zug Island. He's also been near the island, looking for answers and shooting footage. He describes the area as a "zombie apocalypse."

He's never set foot on the island, though.

"Homeland Security is everywhere, I mean everywhere. You have to be very careful when you're over there. It's heavily guarded. Why that is, I don't know,"

Video about Delray

What does this have to do with the Windsor Hum? There has always been the claim that Americans can't hear the hum. However, American's do hear it, but there are not many people living in Delray to complain about it. In the past the air pollution was so harsh that it drove many people away.

It was around the same time that the city started to neglect the area, and cut off many essential services.

Are there other hums?

Hums are heard all around the world. Some can be explained by the shape of concrete structures or large industrial complexes, others remain unexplained - like chasing ghosts. The website 'thehum' has a database of reported hums around the world.

Over the years, residents from New Zealand to Bristol, England, have also reported low, possibly mechanical drones, the sources of which are often never discovered.

Whenever I wake up it is there and it is unbelievably loud. When nobody else can hear it you think you are going nuts, and it just wears you down,”

says Simon Payne, 55, from Cambridgeshire. Payne is a hearer of the mysterious global phenomenon known as the Hum.

“I have been desperate to get away from it, so I have stayed with friends – and even moved house.”

Radio signals (including WiFi) can elicit an auditory response in humans. This is caused by radiant energy interacting with soft tissue in the skull that stimulates the auditory nerve. The effect has apparently been researched by the Pentagon as a sonic weapon.

Audio Description

What is Audio Description? Audio Description (AD) is like a narrator telling a story. It is an additional commentary that describes body language, expressions and movements, making the story clear through sound.

It works by adding an extra audio channel to a visual performance such as theatre, dance or opera, as well as media such as film and television for the benefit of people who are visually impaired or blind. The descriptive narrative to tell people what's going on is inserted during natural pauses between dialog, songs and sound effects. The commentary is often delivered through a headset during the performance.

Audio Description logo

Audio Description logo

Very often we can identify the availability of Audio Description by the use of the AD logo.

When adding AD it is important to deliver the basics. For example, for a theatre production you need to explain who is on the stage at any moment. Things like a loud crash on the stage or somebody attacking someone needs to be explained.

It is a common misconception that partially sighted and blind people don't watch films and television.

A survey carried out by RNIB (Royal National Institute for the Blind) in 1991, showed that 94 per cent of blind and partially sighted people watch films/television regularly (RNIB, 1991).

Imagine trying to understand The Matrix without AD. Compare these two versions of a well known scene in the film.

Where would I find Audio Description?

The short answer is: on TV, on DVD, on video, at the cinema, at theatre performances, in museums and also at sports grounds.

For television - in the UK

The Communications Act 2003, stated that ten per cent of the programming on digital terrestrial/ cable/ satellite television must be broadcast with AD by the fifth year of a digital license being issued. A number of broadcasters such as BBC, Sky, Channel 4, and most recently ITV have committed to providing AD on at least twenty per cent of their programming

Good practice when preparing AD

Pare down the words; only give essential information. If the 'phone rings, you don't need to say 'the phone rings' because we just heard it. It is important not to interpret the story for the audience. Don't detract from the story by putting your interpretation of the events into the AD - simply fill in the picture. Good practice means that the narrator becomes invisible after a short time and you don't even notice the audio description.

 A good resource for all sight related information is the RNIB (Royal National Institute for the Blind)
See also - Audio Description Association

Tin Pan Alley - Denmark Street

Packing some equipment today for the move to the new studio, I came across this label. It has some history behind it. It came from the box for my Sequential Circuits Pro-One synthesizer, and shows where I bought it from. Denmark Street in London, otherwise known as the British Tin Pan Alley.

Sequential Pro One - Rod Argents London.jpg

Denmark street was originally residential, but became used for commercial purposes in the 19th century. At first, metalwork was a popular trade but it became most famous as Britain's "Tin Pan Alley" housing numerous music publishers' offices. This market declined in the 1960s to be replaced by music shops and independent recording studios. The Rolling Stones recorded at Regent Sound Studio at No. 4 and popular musicians, including David Bowie and the Small Faces, often socialised in the Gioconda café at No. 9.

Elton John and Bernie Taupin wrote songs at offices on the street in the 1960s, while the Sex Pistols lived above No. 6, and recorded their first demos there.

Session musicians such as Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones regularly played in Denmark Street studios. In 1964, The Kinks recorded "You Really Got Me" in one of the basement studios.

The sheet music shop Argents is currently based at No. 19. It was founded by The Zombies' Rod Argent (later to form the group ‘Argent’) as a keyboard shop and was previously based next door, at No. 20. Since then it has undergone two changes of owners and now specialises in sheet music and DVD sales, covering a wide variety of styles including jazz and classical.

Magnetic Research Centre

I can no longer remember when I produced this piece together with David Lynch ... but it was long, long ago in a magical place.

Produced using totally analogue synthesisers and recorded onto a Teac Tascam 8 track through an Allen & Heath System 16-8 desk. Instrumentation used: Roland - RS-202, TR-808 and MC-8 Microcomposer sequencer

 
 

Lyrics

Time, unimportant
Subject, Samuel Brown
Place, South West Institute of Mental Health

The subject, Samuel Brown suffered a loss of mental and physical capability after an accident at Magnetic Research Centre 2201

The face he now wears has a cold vacant stare of undue concern
You'll always see him staring; staring at the walls, and at the lights
A brain probe will be required

[Required?]

Survival probability will be low

[A door, yes, it's closed. Through sunlight I reach for darkness]

Begin the operation

[I remember, remember my wife (Samuel!), my life. Before, before 2201]

Brain probe now engaged

[I'm fishing; Released, I catch a clock. The time.My hand filled with ever escaping sand; knuckles white, yet I cannot keep a grip. Who, and where am I. Footsteps. Jenny's footsteps. I must retrieve her ring. No, it's somewhere in 2201]

Samuel! Samuel Brown. Can you hear us?

[What's the use? I want joy, not life, and problems, and 2201. A door, it's open, it's light. So much. I can't. A face? Jenny? No. Help. Help me! Help me!]

Follow me!

THX Deep Note

If you've been to the cinema anytime since 1983 you may have encountered the THX logo telling you that your cinema is THX certified and the audio experience you are about to hear will be incredible. The three letter logo is one thing, but the accompanying audio logo sound, known as the Deep Note is unforgettable. The famous note was composed by Lucasfilm sound engineer Dr. James 'Andy' Moorer the logo was first screened at the start of the 1983 premiere of Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi.

The U.S. trademark registration for the first version of the sound contains this description of it:

The THX logo theme consists of 30 voices over seven measures, starting in a narrow range, 200 to 400 Hz, and slowly diverting to preselected pitches encompassing three octaves. The 30 voices begin at pitches between 200 Hz and 400 Hz and arrive at pre-selected pitches spanning three octaves by the fourth measure. The highest pitch is slightly detuned while there are double the number of voices of the lowest two pitches

I have used the THX Deep Note many times in theatre situations as a way of assessing the acoustics and audio capabilities of the installation.

THX Deep Note chordal composition

THX Deep Note chordal composition

History

In 1980 George Lucas wanted the best sound system possible for the premiere of his latest Star Wars film, The Empire Strikes Back.

The usual sound systems of the day comprised left, centre and right speakers behind the screen and an additional surround speaker. When his engineers investigated one of the old Majestic cinemas in San Francisco they were horrified to find that of the three speakers behind the screen one was disconnected, one had fallen over and the other was turned around backwards. The decision was taken to come up with a standard to ensure that cinema sound quality was as good as it was in the film mixing suites. George used his power to insist that any cinema that wanted to show his films needed to become THX certified.

Dr. Andy Moorer had already spent two years designing and programming a computer that was powerful enough to deal with the mathematics needed to create rich natural sounds which were more than the bleeps and bloops of the Ataris of the day, so it was natural for him to use his work when he was asked to create the THX sound.

What is THX certification?

The THX certification does not concern any encoding of decoding of the sound itself. It covers the following 4 areas: 

  1. Auditorium - isolation between auditoriums, interior acoustics, background noise requirements (air conditioning, projector)

  2. Equipment - speakers, amplifiers, projectors

  3. Configuration - where is the equipment placed

  4. Calibration - testing that a cinema meets the THX requirements

The THX Sound

The sound starts with chaos and rises to a huge chord, similar to the sound produced by large pipe organs. When developing the sound Andy was influenced by Bach fugues and the end of A Day in the Life by The Beatles.

The first Deep Note was generated using random numbers meaning that each time it was played from the computer it was slightly different. Every second each of the 30 voices was assigned a new pitch to work towards until the point when they were given their final target pitch resulting in the final chord. Each note is slightly detuned to give the final chord its fullness. The tuning used is not equal temperament (each of the 12 notes being equally spaced) but uses Pythagorean tuning (used around the middle ages but doesn't easily facilitate key changes)

Listener reaction

Thomas Dolby describes the sound as:

a sound emerging from the primordial soup of molecules of carbon and water vapour and ether. By alchemy, these are brought together into this pillar of the final chord. It's like building structure from chaos.

Others have said:

the THX logo is the single most terrifying thing ever.

The THX audio logo has become so well known that there have been several other versions made for TV and film.

 

James A. Moorer said in a 2005 interview:

I like to say that the THX sound is the most widely-recognized piece of computer-generated music in the world. This may or may not be true, but it sounds cool!

Innovation

Two new versions were produced but neither were successful.

In 2015 THX decided to produce a new version of the original using new state-of-the-art equipment.

Andy re-coded the entire program using the C language and because of computer advances he was now able to run it on his home computer. He developed alternative versions using more voices for the different cinema setups. The standard stereo version still used 30 voices but for 5:1 he used 40 voices, 7:1 used 60 and 9:1 used 80. The sound also now moves spatially around the room.

Joseph Rapisardi has recently done an approximation of the Deep Note on a Behringer Neutron

New 2201 single release

I’m pleased to announce that the first track from a forthcoming album has been released today. The single will become part of the ‘Numbers’ album and is called ‘15728

15728 from the forthcoming album Numbers

15728 from the forthcoming album Numbers

At the moment the world seems to become more dangerous each week as our leaders seem happy to casually threaten others with little concern for the possibility and danger of escalating situations. With this situation in mind I took a look at the secretive and scary world of Numbers Stations.

The one-way voice link (OWVL) described a covert communications system that transmitted messages to an agent's unmodified shortwave radio using the high-frequency shortwave bands between 3 and 30 MHz at a predetermined time, date, and frequency contained in their communications plan.

US PRESIDENT Donald Trump's decision to withdraw from a key nuclear treaty with Russia on Friday represents a significant "long-term" threat to NATO and its European allies, a former US official argued last night.